Impact of Starting School Later
Peer-Reviewed Evidence & Other Major Studies
Below are peer-reviewed and other major studies showing:
Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Study of Safe and Healthy School Hours for Maryland Public Schools. December 22, 2014.
The Children’s National Medical Center’s Blueprint for Change Team. School Start Time Change: An In-Depth Examination of School
Districts in the United States. April 2014.
Kyla L. Wahlstrom. Examining the Impact of Later High School Start Times on the Health and Academic Performance of
High School Students: A Multi-Site Study. February 2014.
Paul Kelley and Clark Lee. Later School Start Times in Adolescence: Time for Change. Education Commission of the United States. 2014.
Impact of School Start Time on Student Learning. Hanover Research. February 2013.
Brian A. Jacob and Jonah E. Rockoff. Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: StartTimes, Grade Configurations, and
Teacher Assignments. September 2011.
Scott E. Carrell et al. A's from Zzzz's? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3 (August 2011): 62–81.
Finley Edwards. Early to Rise? The Effect of Daily Start Times on Academic Performance. Economics of Education Review, Volume 31, Issue 6 (December), 2012, pp 970-983.
Vorona R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Wu, A., Dubik, M., Zhao, Y., & Ware, J. C. (2011). Dissimilar teen crash rates in two neighboring southeastern Virginia cities with different high school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 145-51.
Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(7), 608-14.
Danner, F., & Phillips, B. (2008). Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.
Additional studies of the impact of early or later school start times.
- Health, safety, learning, equity, and/or economic benefits of delaying bell times and/or
- Impact of delaying bell times on daycare, traffic patterns, jobs, extracurriculars, student sleep patterns, and other concerns
- Click here to see studies about the impact of school start times on students from disadvantaged backgrounds
Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Study of Safe and Healthy School Hours for Maryland Public Schools. December 22, 2014.
The Children’s National Medical Center’s Blueprint for Change Team. School Start Time Change: An In-Depth Examination of School
Districts in the United States. April 2014.
Kyla L. Wahlstrom. Examining the Impact of Later High School Start Times on the Health and Academic Performance of
High School Students: A Multi-Site Study. February 2014.
Paul Kelley and Clark Lee. Later School Start Times in Adolescence: Time for Change. Education Commission of the United States. 2014.
Impact of School Start Time on Student Learning. Hanover Research. February 2013.
Brian A. Jacob and Jonah E. Rockoff. Organizing Schools to Improve Student Achievement: StartTimes, Grade Configurations, and
Teacher Assignments. September 2011.
Scott E. Carrell et al. A's from Zzzz's? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3 (August 2011): 62–81.
Finley Edwards. Early to Rise? The Effect of Daily Start Times on Academic Performance. Economics of Education Review, Volume 31, Issue 6 (December), 2012, pp 970-983.
Vorona R. D., Szklo-Coxe, M., Wu, A., Dubik, M., Zhao, Y., & Ware, J. C. (2011). Dissimilar teen crash rates in two neighboring southeastern Virginia cities with different high school start times. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 7(2), 145-51.
Owens, J. A., Belon, K., & Moss, P. (2010). Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(7), 608-14.
Danner, F., & Phillips, B. (2008). Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 4(6), 536-7.
Additional studies of the impact of early or later school start times.
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